APPRAISAL OF THE ECONOMIC IMPLICATION OF ELECTRONIC BANKING IN NIGERIA BANKS (A CASE STUDY OF DIAMOND BANK)
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APPRAISAL OF THE ECONOMIC IMPLICATION OF ELECTRONIC BANKING
IN NIGERIA BANKS
(A CASE STUDY OF DIAMOND BANK)
CHAPTER ONE
1.1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Before the emergence of modern
banking system, banking operation was manually done which lead to a slow down
in settlement of transactions. This manual system involves posting transactions
from one ledger to another which human handles. Figures or counting of money
which should be done through computers or electronic machine were computed and
counted manually which were not 100% accurate thereby resulting to human
errors. Most bank then use only one computer in carrying out transactions which
ameliorate the sluggish nature of banking transaction.
Nigeria do
not embrace electronic banking early compared to developed countries. Nigeria
adopted electronic banking system in the early 2000s. During the
introduction of electronic banking system, the use of raw cash was said to have
bred corruption through the “cash and carry syndrome” usually linked with the
swift movement of Ghana-must go” bags by some politicians. Such bags as some
analyst say, are a major source of corrupt practices as dubious persons seeks
to bribe their way to avoid been checked in some sensitive areas or places in a
corrupt society.
Since
electronic banking started in all Nigeria banks, it has been a woe for civil
servants; checks show that some staff in establishments such as the national
boundary commission for instance, are yet to receive their salaries for the
previous months as efforts to electrically transfer salaries into their account
have failed according to Ibrahim, D. (2009).
“One bank
will tell you it has transferred your salaries but the supposed recipient bank
will tell you it has not received anything leaving you even more confused”,
says John, I. (2009). Olekah, J. (2009) while acknowledging the initial hiccups
that dogged the system, advises stakeholders against being discouraged as such
“teething problems” are normal.
James, A.
(2009) a banker reported to vanguard annual report that “we should not destroy
electronic-banking by looking at the negative aspects, we must strive towards
perfecting it”. James, A. (2009) also says that the volume of data generated by
the Government ministry Agencies is much making it a bit difficult for banks to
cope, Mathew S. (2009) a worker says in his report to vanguard annual report on
banks and cards that government should have done its home work “very well”
before introducing the system, “they plugged us into a system they were not
prepared for and the result is untold hardship visited on innocent people”.
At this juncture, is good to know what e-banking is all about.
According to
Anyawaokoro, M. (1999). Electronic banking is defined as the application of
computer technology to banking especially the payment (deposit transfer)
aspects of banking. He also defined electronic banking as a system of banking
with an electronic communication network which permits on-line processing of
the same day credit and debit transfers of funds between member institutions of
a clearing system.
According to
Clive, W. (2007) in his Academic dictionary of banking, electronic banking is
defined as a form of banking in which funds are transferred through an exchange
of electronic signals between financial institutions, rather than an exchange
of cash, cheques or other negotiable instruments.
According to
Omotayo, G. (2007) defines electronic banking as a system in which funds are
moved between different accounts using computerized on line/real time systems
without the use of written cheques.
According to
Edit, O. (2008) in international Journal of investment and finance, electronic
banking is defined as a system by which transactions are settled electronically
with the use of electronic gadgets such as ATMs, POS terminals, GSM phones, and
V-cards e.t.c. handled by e-holders, bank customers, and stake holders.
1.2
STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
As earlier pointed out, there is
delay in payment of cheques which lead to the adoption of electronic banking
system. Adoption of electronic banking which suppose to ease banking
transactions rather resulted to woes to customer. Most people complain of time
wasted in banks. This occurs when there is power failure in banks resulting to
slow down in operation.
Another
problem that emerged was that banks do not have information backup to fall back
on should there be any computer break down.
In investing
in electronic banking, the country will need a large amount of financial
resources in computer technology, obviously, the resource is in short supply in
Nigeria, couple with high level of poverty. For an efficient functioning of
electronic payment system, there must be availability of infrastructural
facilities such as electricity and telecommunication network, however, power
supply fluctuates and there is still constant failure links in networks.
Since early
2000s banks have been developing and introducing payment cards for their
customers as well as deploy ATM’s cards. Usage was however low due to lack of
interconnectivity i.e. switching platform to interconnect the ATM’s for card
holders.
1.3
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
This
research work intends to assess the extent of electronic payment in banking
activities as well as identify the various types of electronic banking.
The researcher will also evaluate the major problems associated with the
development of electronic banking system in Nigeria as well as evaluate
possible solutions to these problems.
The effect
of electronic banking on profitability of banks will also be assessed. There
are different types of electronic banking used in Nigeria banks; the researcher
will like to evaluate the impact of these e-payment systems on banking industry
and also assess the impact of electronic banking in Nigeria economy.
1.4
RESEARCH QUESTION
In order to
get information from respondents the following questions where formulated:
What are the
various types of electronic payment and the extent of electronic payment in
banking activities?
In what extent can
e-banking improve or enhance banking services?
What are the
major problems associated with the development of electronic banking system in
Nigerian?
What are the
solutions to the problems associated with the development of e-banking?
What extent has e-payment affected banking activities?
The research shall attempt to find answers to these questions in the next
chapter.
1.5
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Electronic
banking in our economy today is a welcome development and also its impacts in
the society are over-whelming, so this research is significant in so many ways.
It will expose the strength and weakness of electronic banking.
It will motivate banks and other
economic agents to computerize their services.
Knowledge in
the area of electronic banking will be advanced.
Apart from contributing to the
knowledge of electronic banking, it forms a reference for future research in
this area.
1.6
SCOPE OF STUDY
This
research is on economic implication of electronic banking in Nigeria banks and
also the various forms of payment and electronic systems used by banks. The
researcher will base this work on the entire deposit money banks in Nigeria but
to Diamond Bank in particular.
1.7
LIMITATION OF STUDY
Time
is a major factor to the researcher as research of this kind requires enough
time in gathering of data, but it was not given to carryout the research,
distribution, collection and analysis of questionnaire.
Also
the school system has made it difficult for student to go out in search for
information by not granting exeat for student. Some banks hud information from
students who desires such information in other to maintain the banks secrecy
thereby making it difficult for students to gather information for their
research.
Finally,
finance was infact the most limited factor, in spite of this the researcher
have to travel out to the sampled organization to interview some of the
managers and supervisors.
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